Read about the Evolution of the Mining Industry in India

Mining in India has a lengthy, chequered history. It underwent many twists and turns throughout the changing phases of technological, economic and political situations. To gain a total comprehensive understanding of the nature and scale of mining in this country, one has to know how the industry evolved. Studies say that India has the second largest mining industry just after agriculture. It has played a very significant role in the building up human civilizations. Slowly, the industry began to evolve in response to the demand for minerals and resources as well as their depletion. Today, mining is hugely responsible for bringing about modern social-economic expansion and progress.

The process of mining by the Mining Company in Kolkata is conducted in both hilly and plain areas. Since they are a very crucial raw material, the rate of extraction has increased in the present 20th and 21st century. Gradually, it took up a rapid pace, and the mineral industry flourished. It began to contribute significantly to the national income as well as foreign exchange. Over the years, the realization about the value of minerals increased.

Mining in Ancient Industry :

In the pre-Vedic period, mining of metals like gold, silver, copper, gemstones, etc was done. Though iron and coal were least known in the Indus valley civilization, other metallurgical industries were quite developed.

By the latter Purana period, the state ownership of mines started to be established. One of the most informative works ( a comprehensive treatise on political economy, statecraft and arts, it also dealt with regulations in other fields) written by Chanakya mentioned an authentic record about geological minerals and the mining sector of those times. Proving how progressive this industry was even in those times, the mining organization was completely under government monopoly and the Ministry of Revenue.

Similarly, descriptions of metals, like the use of good quality steel and mineral salts was mentioned in the (200-400 BC) Charaka and Susruta Samhitas. It can also be presumed that large masses of coal began to be used as a burning fuel or for iron ore smelting. The ruins of Smruthi show how furnaces and slag heaps were situated closer to coal regions and that it was used widely for commercial purposes. With the arrival of Muslims in 1200 AD, rulers like Shershah were very well competent in controlling the mining and metallurgical industry. The presence of older mines like mine workings and slag heaps testify how well the industry flourished. However, by the end of the 19th century, the practice increased by an appreciable extent. Consequently, mineral mining began at a full scale and become a major source of income. 

 

The present condition :

Today, “Abhinaa Group” has some of the largest reserves of mines in West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh. Mining in West Bengal consists of sand blocks for industrial and construction purposes, The group controls large means of graphite reserves, dolomite and limestone mines as well as sand blocks. The company employs new age technology and sophisticated modern types of equipment to bring successful productivity in this sector.

Successful Graphite Mining Initiative in Arunachal Pradesh

Mineral is a very important economic resource for Arunachal Pradesh. This north eastern state of India is blessed with many rich mineral resources. The mineral resources are in huge demand by the various industries. Dolomite and Graphite are two very important mineral resources that is supplied by Mining in Arunachal Pradesh. Both of these rare minerals are mined in Arunachal Pradesh.

Here’s a more on Graphite mining in Arunachal Pradesh

‘Graphite’ is derived from Greek word that means: ‘to write’. It is a form of carbon that naturally occurs. Graphene which is found in graphite is known to be one of the strongest substances on earth and is known to be 200 times stronger than steel. It is also a good conductor of electricity and heat.

The uses of graphite is multiple and the extent of usage is also vast – whether in pencils or in nuclear plants. It is used in brake linings, in electrodes, in batteries and manufacture of steel. In India Graphite is available in different parts of the country, Arunachal Pradesh being the lead manufacturer. It ranks among the five top manufacturers. The country’s reserve of crystalline allotrope of carbon is pegged at 11 million tonnes in the current years. The state which has the highest graphite reserve is Arunachal Pradesh. It accounts for 43% of graphite reserves in Arunachal Pradesh.

Graphite Mining is thus economically profitable in Arunachal Pradesh due to the following:

* Graphite is a crucial industrial mineral and always has a heavy demand in the industry. Since the demand is on the higher side always the mining requirement is also high and that makes it an economically viable mining option.

* The state has the highest reserve of graphite in the country. It is thus an ideal source for the supply of graphite demand.

* The people of Arunachal Pradesh are very hardworking and thus form a very important human resource support to the mining industry.

* A lot of attention is paid in the state to do responsible mining, where the mining is done without causing intense damage to the local flora and fauna and local ecological system.

Know about the dolomite mines in Arunachal Pradesh

One of the leading companies, Abhinaa Group is a conglomerate of some of the most hardworking and intelligent minds of this country. They have a pan-Indian presence with its branches spread in some major cities of India. From their period of a humble beginning in 2002, this company has maintained a strong presence in five established business sectors namely mining, construction, public health, hospitality and management. 

The mining sector is one of the largest contributions of this company. It has 2 sites of dolomite mines in Arunachal Pradesh at lease. These mines are heavily resourceful with a reserve of up to 20 million tonnes. The group has also set up plants for magnesium extraction in order to recover the magnesia from the dolomite ore. This successful operation has led to the marketing of the magnesium metal to several business spaces like fertilizers and pharmaceuticals. 

 
About the dolomite mineral - 

The dolomite is a naturally made, rock-forming minerals. Also known as a calcium, magnesium carbonate, it has a chemical composition of CaMg(Co32) and is a primary component of the sedimentary rock. It is also called dolostone, while the metamorphic rock is called dolomitic marble. Limestone also contains dolomitic limestone. 

Mostly found in the modern sedimentary environment, these rocks are extensive geographically and can be hundreds to thousand feet thick. The rocks which were rich in dolomite got deposited as calcium carbonate mud. Pos deposition, the pore water which is rich in magnesium alters/transforms it to dolomite again. 

 
The uses of dolomite - 

Used majorly as a source of magnesium metal and of magnesia, it forms an essential constituent of the refractory bricks. One often uses dolostone as an alternative for limestone and also as an aggregate for both cement and bitumen mixes. Nowadays the use of dolomite as a flux in blast furnaces has increased manifold. This is mostly because it causes less environmental contamination. 

 
The dolomite / graphite mines in Arunachal Pradesh - 

Arunachal Pradesh is one of the largest states in the north eastern region of the country. The state has a heavy potential of natural resources, although some of it is being exploited unsystematically and unscientifically. The mineral wealth of the state being quite impressive, this place is a host to a large number of both metallic and non-metallic minerals. One of them is Dolomite. 

The deposits of limestone and dolomite are found in different stratigraphic locations of this hill region such as near Hubli in Dibang district, Tidding in Lohit district, near Pangin in East Siang district and others. The Estimated reserves in these areas have been calculated to be 140 million tonnes in Tidding, 13.35 million tonnes in Hubli etc. It is largely used for a different range of manufacturing and industrial purposes all over the country. 

 
The graphite mines in Arunachal Pradesh - 

This company owns large stores of graphite reserves. This is put to use for a variety of purposes, ranging from pencil leads to refactors, steel manufacturing to batteries and brake linings. Many nuclear and steel plants use graphite electrodes. India falls among the top five graphite producing nations in the world. The estimated total reserves of graphite in this country are almost 11 million tonnes.



  

All about Sand and its use as a construction material.

Sand has been nature’s contribution to human development. Any housing that is seen, any concrete bridge that is walked on, any steps that are climbed carry these natural blessings in abundance. Whether in the manufacture of bricks or as a base material for preparing concrete, sand is there everywhere.

For this purpose mining through sand blocks has been taking place in active collaboration between private groups and government. Like the Abhinna group, which engages in mining through Sand Blocks in West Bengal – in areas like Uttar Dinajpur, Birbhum, Purba Paschim Burdwan, Bankura, Medinipur, Purulia, Malda and Jalpaiguri District.


Here we get to know about this bountiful gift of nature :

 About Sand : What we call sand in common terms is actually a mixture of fragmented particles of decomposed rocks, shells, corals etc. Sand had been a result of fragmentation over the years. In terms of size, it is finer than gravel and coarser than silt. Though sand is a mixture of many materials,  the most common constituents of sand is silica.  Another important constituent of sand is calcium carbonate. The percentage of composition of the constituents varies from place to place, depending on natural surroundings.


Uses of Sand in Construction :  Though there have been different uses of sand – from manufacture of glasses to ingredient for polishing tools, it for construction industry that sand is most popularly used. The popularity of sand as a base material for concrete was popularized during World War I when there grew an abundant need to construct paved roads. This popularity grew through the 1920s. Then came in the late 1940s and early 1950s – an era which witnessed the boom in housing. Over the years as the concept of apartments came in, the need for sand as the base material for concrete grew.

In concrete sand is mixed with gravel, cement and water and made into a slurry. This slurry when hardened forms a rock-solid concrete structure which provides the base strength to buildings. The coarse, angular structure and the strength of the sand provides the inter molecular space for adequate binding, as well as provides strength to the concrete structure.


Different Types of natural sand that obtained :

1) Pit Sand : Pit sands are coarse sand. This type of sand  are obtained from digging deep pits where there is an abundance of supply. This is generally  red-orange in color. The coarse and angular shape of the particles makes it usable in concrete.

2) River Sand : Desert sand is obtained from river bed. Compared to pit sand it is of finer quality. It is whitish grey in color. The grains are more fine and rounded due to mutual attrition. This makes it of a very fine quality. It is much used in construction especially for plastering.

3) Sea Sand : It is obtained from sea shores. The grain is brown and rounded. However sea sand is not much used as construction material because the rounded structure makes it less resistant to molecular rearrangement.  Moreover sea sand contains salts which erodes the plastered surface and causes seepage in the long run.

4) Desert Sand : This is the type of sand one would find in the desert region formed by the erosion of rock for many million years.  Desert sand is however not suitable for construction purposes.



Responsible Sand Mining : Looking at the enormous need of sand for construction purposes, sand mining becomes an inevitable reality. Sand mining is done either through sand pits or extraction from river beds. However rampant mining is always prohibited and a few groups like the Abhinna Group- a mining company in kolkata has taken up the cause of ‘responsible sand mining’ where sand mining takes place with extreme caution and care. Extreme caution is taken to maintain the natural balance and without unending disturbance to natural topography. By this the sand is obtained but keeping the environment aspect in mind.

Does intense sand mining have a harmful impact on the ecosystem?

Sand being in high demand in the construction centers, more and more companies are engaging in this illegal trade. However, this is turning to be one of the biggest ecological disasters in the state. Sand Mining in West Bengal is also a rising terror, affecting the natural ecosystem in colossal amounts. The high levels of urbanization have led to unsustainable sand extraction, leaving back harmful impacts on the natural habitat.


Here are some of the negative effects of this procedure-


1. Causes rapid soil erosion : When a large quantity of unregulated mining of sand takes place along the beaches and riversides, the natural balance is hampered. The beaches and the rivers have thus started to retreat from excess erosion. When too much sediment is removed from these places, the river beds begin to shrink. Deltas recede because of this mining. All of these culminate in the loss of fertile lands. The ground also destabilizes, resulting in the failure of bridges, roads etc


2. Harmful to the local wildlife : The location of the beaches is just at the intersection of the land and the ocean. These beaches are home to various kind of species and living habitats like crabs, snails, turtles etc. When a large quantity of sand is mined, the wildlife surviving on the beaches are disturbed. Turtles usually lay their eggs after digging their nest on the beach sand. This is done so that the little eggs are protected from all the harmful predators. When the hatching emerge from these eggs, they run across the beach and then enter into the wild ocean waters. Lack of sand will mean a huge lack of nesting area for the turtles. This is how sand mining is responsible for destroying natural wildlife. 


This can also be noticed in the case of gharials, the fish eating crocodiles. Unfortunately, disproportionate mining of sand in West Bengal has endangered the habitat of these crocodiles. 


3.  Makes the area more flood-prone : Extracting huge amounts of sand blocks in West Bengal has made the region more prone to flooding. Sandbanks used to act as barriers for the flood. Indiscriminate sand mining is therefore very vulnerable to the natural forces. 


4. Affects the aquatic ecosystem : The ill effects of sand mining are not just confined to the beach side. The complete removal of green vegetation and the destruction of the soil profile destroys the habitat both above and below the land. They also have an impact on the underwater ecosystem. Sand mining can result in turbidity in the water. The use of machines and the disturbance caused by humans also have a negative effect on aquatic wildlife. The turbidity caused in the water creates a kind of barrier that prevents the sunlight from entering the water. This is turn becomes harmful to the corals who require sunlight in order to thrive. Fishes also die when the turbid waters cut off their oxygen supply. This is how the fishing industry suffers a huge loss.             


In stream mining also has several other costly effects which go beyond the immediate mining site. Large hectares of stream side land is annually lost due to this including valuable timber resources, and wildlife in the riparian areas. Stream habitats that are degraded slowly progress towards the loss of fisheries productivity, biodiversity with minimal chances/potential for recreation. Severely degraded channels lower the aesthetic values of the land. 


“Abhinaa Group” uses environment-friendly means to provide sand to several industrial sectors without harming the natural ecosystem.  

Schemes Which Transformed West Bengal In The Last Few Years

In the year 2011, when the Chief Minister of West Bengal, Mamata Banerjee, came into power, she created several schemes to transform the condition of the state. For example, the Pathasathi public health services, that helped the common people of the state see improvement like never before. Such projects comprise of the development of the wayside facilities for all the travellers on the state and the National highways and the other main roads. These projects were named as Pathasathi, that are run by the self-help societies, groups, and the other West Bengal Tourism Development Corporation that is the WBTDC. Each one of these units cater to the different pubilic health services, has a hygienic bathroom, spacious rooms, and a restaurant. This scheme and initiative led to the international recognition achievement when it was announced as the winner of the United Nations Public Service Award in the year 2015 in the category of improved delivery of public health services.

The amazing solutions offered by the Abhinna Group contributed to a healthier, stronger, and a sustainable India. Some of these are: -

 Vector control:- As the vector borne diseases have proved to be the serious threats to many regions of the country, this Group has decided to offer respite from the issue through the technological inventions. As this Group is the principle partner of of the UNDP, it is given the responsibility to control the spread of the diseases in the country.

 Safe drinking water: - The Abhinna Group has been making a worthy effort to address the critical issue, which plagues the rural parts of the country that is high on the West Bengal Government’s priority.

 Personal hygiene: - This Group undertakes different service campaigns to sensitize the females about their personal hygiene.

 Sanitation: - In this country, opening defecation is an age-old custom, which has lived for centuries. But, making the country open defaction-free does not only mean toilet construction. It has many other roles to play. It brings about the changes in the mind set, creates the infrastructure, and maintains it. The combination of all these will help to bring the transformation.

To keep up with this goal, the Abhinna Group , has been putting their best all over the state. It has already constructed more than ten thousand toilets in the states as the part of the urban or rural sanitation program. So many bio-toilets are also constructed with the technology of disposing the human solids in an eco-friendly manner. Unlike this, the sporadic constrcution in some other popular stores decreases, the open defecation rate.

Pathasathi Motels Are Now In All Twenty-Three Bengal Districts.

The Chief Minister of West Bengal, Mamata Banerjee has taken this initiative of setting up these pathasathi housing units or motels all over the state and also along the National Highways. The name ‘Pathasathi’ has been given to these motels or guest houses as these are made with the motive of accompanying every traveller on the way. Pathasathi in Bengal has now spread across almost all the districts. No matter where is the the traveller and on which road, he or she will find a comfortable place to stay in for sure now. Each of these guest houses or motels have clean and hygienic toilets, cozy rooms along with place to have your foods. The West Bengal State Housing Department has made it all possible. The Department is also planning to set up some more such places to stay in the near future.

These motels are mainly run by the women who belong to the Self-Help Groups that is the SHG. They have helped every potential woman to become self-reliant financially. The breakfast and dinner available in these motels are prepared by the women who look after the place. Each and every room of these Pathasathi housing units are quite spacious and also have attached toilets. Both air-conditioned as well the non-AC rooms are available here. One can opt for any of these as per the preference, and the budget. Though the charges of both the AC and the non-AC rooms are quite affordable yet the charge of the AC rooms are just a little more than the non-AC ones.

Ever since, the Chief Minister of Bengal, Mamata Banerjee started to visit the districts of the state frequently as the leader of the Opposition, after the foundation of Trinamool Congress in the year 1998, she found that there are scarcity of toilets and rest rooms. This was a major problem for the travellers and especially the females who travel along the National Highways and the main roads. So, after she came into power in the year 2011, she finally sanctioned this project of Pathasathi in Kolkata and all the other districts of the state.

After he state upgradation and the renovation of the National Highways, more number of people started travelling to different places by roads. Many luxury resorts have been set up on the way where people can stay and spend their holidays or weekends. With the rise in the number of people travelling by road, the requirement of shelters or housing units along with clean toilets and places to have food have also shoot up. Hence, this project of Pathasathi has been one of the major successes in the state. In most of the places, these motels are always found to have full bookings.

How Guest House In Mecheda Makes The Stay Comfortable And Relaxing

Looking for a trip and trying to book a guest house in Mecheda? The guest house is very reasonably priced and one can book the guest house in a very easy manner. With the best amenities, the place will guarantee a peaceful staying for the visitors.

How The Booking Can Be Done: With great scenic beauty and good serenity, the booking of the guest house can be done in a very easy way which is located in the heart of the city. One can travel to any part of the destination from the lodging in since the country inn is located at a central part of the city. Offering reasonable prices, there are many country inns in Mecheda that will offer comfort to travelers. However, some of the lodging inns are very far from the main city. Hence, it becomes difficult for the travelers to books those country inns. That is the reason, one would need to book the guest house which is centrally located , comfortable and affordable.

Facilities Provided By The Country Inn: Offering good accommodation for the guest, there are many many facilities which are being offered in these country inns. Apart from spacious rooms, one will get a wifi connection, good food, and other amenities. There is car parking facilities, good man management, and other facilities. The rooms have great viewing of the scenic beauty and one can enjoy the beautiful view from the rooms. In front of the guest house, there is a wide opening playing area, where the kids can play. For the business group, there is a facility of the conference, since there is the presence of a large hall for a meeting. If one is going for the casual trip or business trip, then the hotel in Mecheda can be an ideal place. A place is an ideal place for the family and if one comes with the family, then one can surely guarantee a pleasant stay in the hotel.

Food: When one selects the lodging in Mecheda, food is another thing that one needs to consider. If one goes to the hotel, then there is the option of getting a multi-cuisine restaurant. The restaurant will serve various types of foods, which is healthy as well as tasty. There is also room service available. This indicates that if any guest wants to take the food in the room, there is also a facility for the service.

Conclusion: The hotels and guest house of Mecheda provide great facilities for the guests. To get more information, one needs to contact the “Abhinaa Group”.

What Are The Methods Of Mining In Order To Create Sand Blocks In West Bengal

For the construction of building and roads and create the sand blocks in west bengal, sand is being extracted from the rivers in West Bengal. For the construction industry, the companies are dredging the rivers in order to get impure free and good quality sands. There are some of the methods of extraction of sand. These are off-channel mining and in-stream mining.

In-stream Mining

In order to lower the cost of transportation of the sand, the in-stream sand mining is often done in locations which are along the route of the transportation or close to the end markets. This type of mining is extremely damaging to the aquatic ecosystem and properties. While the flow of sediment can get hamper by the over dredging of the streams, the channels can change its course. Hence, within the sustainable limits, one can do the mining activities without harming nature. There are few recommendations which are as follows -

• Setting an elevation below which the mining is not allowed
• On the basis of annual replacement levels, one should not permit a mining scale.
• There should be a long term monitoring mechanism.
• Limiting extraction methods to bar skimming
• Between May And September, one needs to limit the mining activities

Off Channel Mining

In changing the alluvial system, floodplain extraction or off- channel mining of river sand is done. As the meandering rivers flow across the flood plains, under this system it forms a possibility that the river channel would move towards the pit. This is a situation in which the river flows through the area left between the pit and river and is known as river capture. There are some recommendations, which can lessen the harm caused by off-channel mining.

• The the walk of the channel, one should keep the maximum depth of the pit.
• Away from the main channel, the off-channel extraction should be done.
• One needs to set up a long run monitoring mechanism.
• In order to provide the brought back to support the wetland habitat, pits should be redeemed for agriculture.
• In the long term, one should establish proper responsibility and accountability.

Mining Process Of Dolomite

There is a various process of dolomite mining, which is being practiced in the dolomite minesin arunachal pradesh.They are the removal of soil and vegetation layer, cruising and blasting of dolomite and transportation.

Conclusion: The sand and dolomite mining is one of the most profitable types of mining. To know more one can go the “Abhinna Group“ and check details.

What Are The Common Questions To Be Asked About Hotels In Mecheda

We have gathered the most commonly asked questions, in order to answer the queries regarding the hotel in Mecheda. We have tried to use the most simple and common questions so that one can get the answers in a simple way. There are a lot of facilities, which one can avail if one books with the hotel.

What Are The Check-in And Check Out Times?

There is standard check in and check out times for the hotels. One needs to inform the hotel front desk or reception as a courtesy that the arrival will be late and the hotel will be prepared for the welcome in that manner. The hotel will store the luggage in the lobby if the guest arrives early than the check-in time. If the hotel has availability, then only late checkout is possible. For any further questions, one needs to contact the reception.

What Is The Cancellation Policy?

Before the arrival of a visitor, if the visitor wants to cancel the reservation, the visitor can cancel the reservation. The person who has booked the hotel will be charged for one night if the cancellation is not done within the specified time. If one needs to cancel the reservation, then one needs to contact through the office telephone number within a specific time and day. If a third party has booked the hotel, then the cancellation should be done by the third party itself.

What About The Accommodation

There are two beds rooms along with four bedroom rooms for the guests. The guest house in Mecheda has both Ac and Non- Ac rooms for comfortable staying during the summer and winter. If the booking person has a large group, then the guest house can provide accommodation.

Do The Hotels Have WiFi Facility?

In all the guests, public spaces and restaurant have good high-speed internet connectivity. The guests do not need to pay extra charges for using the WiFi connection. The use of data can be done easily.

Is Parking Facility Availability?

Near the guest house and inside the portico of the guest house, there are large spaces for car parking. A huge number of cars can be parked inside and outside of the hotels. There are special discounts during the season but the visitor needs to produce the ticket on the reception to get the special discount on the parking.

Conclusion: 

Booking for this hotel and guest house is a very easy job. One can easily choose“AbinnaGroup" to get the best hospitality.